Social Security spousal benefits are one of the most misunderstood aspects of retirement planning in the United States. Whether you’re currently married, divorced, or widowed, understanding how these benefits work can significantly impact your income during retirement.
Here are 13 essential facts about Social Security spousal benefits that many Americans don’t know—facts that could mean thousands of dollars gained or lost over time.
1. You’re Eligible if Your Spouse Is Receiving Benefits
If your spouse is already receiving Social Security retirement or disability benefits, you may qualify for spousal benefits. To be eligible, you must be at least 62 years old or caring for a child who is under 16 or disabled and entitled to receive benefits from your spouse’s record.
2. You Can Still Qualify After a Divorce
Divorced individuals may claim spousal benefits based on their ex-spouse’s work history—if the marriage lasted at least 10 years, you’re 62 or older, and currently unmarried. This benefit doesn’t impact your ex-spouse’s benefits.
3. You Can Receive Up to 50% of Your Spouse’s Benefit
At full retirement age (FRA), you’re entitled to receive up to 50% of your spouse’s benefit amount. This is known as the Primary Insurance Amount (PIA). If your own benefit is lower, you’ll receive a spousal supplement to bring you up to that 50%.
4. Claiming Early Reduces Your Benefit
If you claim spousal benefits before your full retirement age, your monthly amount will be permanently reduced. For example, claiming at 62 instead of FRA could reduce your benefit to as low as 32.5% of your spouse’s benefit.
5. Deemed Filing May Limit Your Options
If you’re eligible for both your own and spousal benefits, Social Security applies “deemed filing” rules, meaning you’re automatically considered for both benefits at once. You’ll receive whichever is higher—but this rule applies only if you apply before reaching FRA.
6. The 2025 Fairness Act Changed Things for Some
The Social Security Fairness Act of 2023, which took effect in January 2025, eliminated two penalties: the Windfall Elimination Provision (WEP) and Government Pension Offset (GPO). This is good news for those with pensions from non-covered government jobs, as they can now claim full spousal benefits.
7. Survivor Benefits Can Be Up to 100%
If your spouse dies, you may be eligible to receive their full Social Security benefit. Full survivor benefits are available at your FRA, or reduced benefits as early as age 60 (or 50 if disabled).
8. Remarriage Rules Are Complicated
If you remarry, it generally disqualifies you from receiving benefits based on your former spouse’s record—unless the later marriage ends in divorce or death. However, remarrying after age 60 does not affect your right to survivor benefits from a deceased former spouse.
9. You Can Work While Receiving Benefits (With Limits)
If you claim benefits before FRA and continue working, your benefits may be temporarily reduced based on your earnings. For 2025, the limit is $22,320, and your benefits will be reduced by $1 for every $2 earned above that. After FRA, there is no limit.
10. Spousal Benefits Don’t Increase by Delaying Beyond FRA
Unlike retirement benefits, which increase if you delay past FRA, spousal benefits max out at FRA. There’s no incentive to delay claiming them beyond that age.
11. Spousal Benefits Are Subject to Taxation
Depending on your combined income, up to 85% of your Social Security benefits may be taxable. This includes spousal benefits.
12. You Must Apply to Receive Benefits
Social Security spousal benefits aren’t automatic. You must apply online, call the SSA at 1-800-772-1213, or visit a local office. It’s recommended to apply at least three months before you want benefits to start.
13. Coordinating with a Financial Advisor Is Smart
Maximizing Social Security spousal benefits requires careful planning, especially if you or your spouse have complex earnings histories or pensions. Consult a retirement planner or the Social Security Administration to get personalized advice.
Final Thoughts
Social Security spousal benefits offer a financial lifeline for many retirees, but the rules are intricate. Knowing the lesser-known facts can help you avoid costly mistakes and make the most of what you’re owed. Whether you’re planning your future or helping a loved one, understanding these 13 facts is a step toward a secure retirement.
This article has been carefully fact-checked by our editorial team to ensure accuracy and eliminate any misleading information. We are committed to maintaining the highest standards of integrity in our content.
